Question

bohr models: what can it tell us?
electrons = small circles on the rings protons & neutrons are in the nucleus

element identity
element id = number of
look up this number on the
periodic table to identify the
element
___ protons = ___

element family
valence electrons are equal to the
_____ number.
once you know the electrons, use your
knowledge of the periodic table to
determine the family name.
___ valence electrons = ___
column = alkaline earth metal

valence electrons
valence electrons= electrons in the
_____ ring/energy level.
count the _____ in
the outer ring to determine the
number of valence electrons.
sodium has ______ valence e
chemically similar= element with
______ number of
valence electrons.
___ & ____ are chemically similar to sodium

energy level/period
energy levels= count the number of
______ to determine the number
of energy levels.
2 rings = 2 energy levels

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze Element Identity

Element ID is the number of protons (atomic number). For an atom, protons = atomic number. For example, if we look at a table, say for Magnesium, atomic number is 12, so protons = 12.

Step2: Analyze Element Family

Valence electrons equal the group number. Alkaline earth metals are in group 2, so valence electrons = 2 (column 2). For Magnesium, valence electrons = 2, group 2 (alkaline earth metal).

Step3: Analyze Valence Electrons (Sodium)

Valence electrons are in the outermost ring/energy level. Count electrons in the outer ring. Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron (outer ring has 1 electron). Chemically similar elements have the same number of valence electrons. So Lithium (Li) and Potassium (K) (both group 1, 1 valence electron) are similar to Sodium.

Step4: Analyze Energy Level/Period

Energy levels are determined by counting the number of rings (electron shells). Fluorine has 2 rings, so 2 energy levels (period 2).

Answer:

• Element Identity: protons = atomic number (e.g., Mg: 12 protons = atomic number 12)
• Element Family: valence electrons = group number; 2 valence electrons = column 2 (alkaline earth metal) (for Mg)
• Valence Electrons (Sodium): outermost; electrons; 1; same; Lithium, Potassium (examples)
• Energy Level/Period: rings; 2 rings = 2 energy levels (for F)