Question

bernie madoff, sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?
institutional crime
street crime
corporate crime
violent crime
question 2
2 pts
the term deviance can be best defined as:
social reward for the violation of norms.
a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.
the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.
the regulation and enforcement of norms.

Explanation:

• Question 1:
• Institutional crime: Refers to crimes committed by institutions or organizations. A Ponzi scheme is more about an individual (Bernie Madoff) acting within a corporate - like (investment - firm - related) context rather than an institutional - level crime in the strictest sense.
• Street crime: Typically involves crimes like theft, assault, etc., in public spaces. A Ponzi scheme is a financial fraud, not a street - level crime.
• Corporate crime: A Ponzi scheme is a form of financial fraud often carried out within a corporate or business - related framework. Bernie Madoff's actions were related to his investment business, which falls under corporate crime as it is a crime committed in the context of business operations.
• Violent crime: Involves physical harm. A Ponzi scheme is a non - violent, financial crime.
• Question 2:
• Social reward for the violation of norms: Deviance is not a reward. It is a negative or at least non - rewarding (in a social - approval sense) behavior.
• A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law: This is the classic definition of deviance. It can range from minor violations of folkways (e.g., not saying "please") to major violations of codified law (e.g., theft).
• The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring: That is reporting a crime, not deviance itself.
• The regulation and enforcement of norms: That is social control, not deviance.

Answer:

• Question 1: Corporate crime
• Question 2: A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.