Question

basic atomic structure

1. label the parts of an atom in the diagram below

a) what type of charge does a proton have?
b) what type of charge does a neutron have?
c) what type of charge does an electron have?
d) which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

1. an element is represented by its chemical symbol along with a few numbers. based on the example on the right, fill in the numbers of protons (p), neutrons (n), and electrons (e) for the following elements.
2. complete the table using your knowledge of the periodic table.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic structure concepts

• Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, electrons have a negative charge. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.
• For an element, atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons (in neutral atom). Number of neutrons≈mass number - atomic number (for average atomic mass, we can approximate).

Step2: Solve for part 2

• Carbon (C):
• Atomic number = 6, so #P = 6, #E=6. Mass number≈12.011, #N≈12 - 6 = 6.
• Neon (Ne):
• Atomic number = 10, so #P = 10, #E = 10. Mass number≈20.108, #N≈20 - 10 = 10.
• Potassium (K):
• Atomic number = 19, so #P = 19, #E = 19. Mass number≈39.098, #N≈39 - 19 = 20.

Step3: Solve for part 3

• Na:
• Atomic number = number of protons = 11. Number of electrons = 11 (neutral atom). Mass number= number of protons + number of neutrons=11 + 12 = 23.
• K:
• Number of protons = number of electrons (neutral) = 19. Mass number = 39, number of neutrons=39 - 19 = 20.
• For the element with #P = 38:
• Symbol is Sr (strontium). Atomic number = 38. Mass number=38 + 50 = 88. Number of electrons = 38 (neutral).
• F:
• Atomic number = number of protons = 9. Mass number=9 + 10 = 19.
• For the element with atomic number 20:
• Symbol is Ca (calcium). Number of protons = 20. Number of neutrons=40 - 20 = 20.
• For the element with atomic number 50:
• Symbol is Sn (tin). Mass number=50 + 69 = 119. Number of protons = 50.
• I:
• Number of protons = 53. Number of electrons = 53 (neutral). Number of neutrons=127 - 53 = 74.

Answer:

1.

• a) Positive
• b) No charge
• c) Negative
• d) Protons and neutrons

2.

• Carbon: #P = 6, #N = 6, #E = 6
• Neon: #P = 10, #N = 10, #E = 10
• Potassium: #P = 19, #N = 20, #E = 19

3.

• Na: Atomic number = 11, Mass number = 23, #E = 11
• K: Atomic number = 19, #P = 19, #N = 20
• Sr: Atomic number = 38, Mass number = 88, #E = 38
• F: Atomic number = 9, Mass number = 19, #P = 9
• Ca: Symbol = Ca, #P = 20, #N = 20
• Sn: Symbol = Sn, Mass number = 119, #P = 50
• I: #P = 53, #E = 53, #N = 74