Question

c – application / scenario

1. mr. h. becomes very upset at dinner, starts yelling, and throws his fork.

• name this type of reaction: _____________
• list two things you should do in the moment to help

1. mrs. p. looks at her toothbrush but does not know what to do with it.

• which problem is this: agnosia, apraxia, or aphasia?

1. a resident suddenly becomes confused, has a fever, and has not been drinking fluids.

• is this more likely delirium or dementia? what should you do?

1. circle the stage of dementia that best fits each description:

a. forgets appointments, blames others for mistakes, still lives at home with help.
stage: 1 2 3 4
b. incontinent, cannot walk, unable to communicate, very thin and weak.
stage: 1 2 3 4
c. cannot recognize family, has hallucinations, needs help with all adls.
stage: 1 2 3 4

Explanation:

Question 16

1. Name the reaction: The reaction where Mr. H. becomes upset, yells, and throws a fork is an aggressive outburst (or "emotional outburst", "behavioral outburst"). This is a sudden, uncontrolled expression of anger/frustration, common in situations like dementia or emotional distress.
2. Two actions to help:

• Remain calm and speak softly to de-escalate the situation (avoids escalating anger).
• Remove potential hazards (like the fork) to ensure safety, and give him space if needed while still showing support.

Question 17

• Agnosia: Difficulty recognizing/using objects due to brain damage.
• Apraxia: Difficulty with purposeful movements (e.g., using tools) despite understanding.
• Aphasia: Language/communication impairment.

Mrs. P. does not know what to do with the toothbrush (movement/action difficulty), so this is apraxia (she understands the object but cannot perform the action of brushing teeth).

Question 18

• Delirium vs. Dementia: Delirium is acute, reversible (triggered by infection, dehydration, fever), while dementia is chronic, progressive. The resident’s sudden confusion, fever, and fluid loss suggest a reversible trigger (infection/dehydration), so this is delirium.
• Action: Notify the nurse/doctor immediately (to address the underlying cause: fever, dehydration), and monitor vital signs/fluid intake.

Question 19

Dementia stages (simplified: 1=early, 4=late):

• a. Forgets appointments, blames others, needs home help → Stage 3 (moderate dementia: memory loss, behavioral changes, needs assistance).
• b. Incontinent, cannot walk/communicate, very weak → Stage 4 (late/severe dementia: loss of motor function, communication, severe debilitation).
• c. Cannot recognize family, hallucinations, needs all ADL help → Stage 4 (late dementia: severe cognitive/functional decline, psychosis).

Final Answers (Summarized)

1. Reaction: Aggressive outburst; Actions: Remain calm, remove hazards.
2. Problem: Apraxia.
3. Likely: Delirium; Action: Notify staff, monitor fluids/fever.
4. a. Stage 3; b. Stage 4; c. Stage 4.

(Note: For formal answers, structure each part as needed—e.g., "16. Reaction: Aggressive outburst; Actions: 1. Speak softly to de-escalate. 2. Remove the fork for safety." )

Answer:

• Delirium vs. Dementia: Delirium is acute, reversible (triggered by infection, dehydration, fever), while dementia is chronic, progressive. The resident’s sudden confusion, fever, and fluid loss suggest a reversible trigger (infection/dehydration), so this is delirium.
• Action: Notify the nurse/doctor immediately (to address the underlying cause: fever, dehydration), and monitor vital signs/fluid intake.

Question 19

Dementia stages (simplified: 1=early, 4=late):

• a. Forgets appointments, blames others, needs home help → Stage 3 (moderate dementia: memory loss, behavioral changes, needs assistance).
• b. Incontinent, cannot walk/communicate, very weak → Stage 4 (late/severe dementia: loss of motor function, communication, severe debilitation).
• c. Cannot recognize family, hallucinations, needs all ADL help → Stage 4 (late dementia: severe cognitive/functional decline, psychosis).

Final Answers (Summarized)

1. Reaction: Aggressive outburst; Actions: Remain calm, remove hazards.
2. Problem: Apraxia.
3. Likely: Delirium; Action: Notify staff, monitor fluids/fever.
4. a. Stage 3; b. Stage 4; c. Stage 4.

(Note: For formal answers, structure each part as needed—e.g., "16. Reaction: Aggressive outburst; Actions: 1. Speak softly to de-escalate. 2. Remove the fork for safety." )