Question

according to the hawes and hiner essay in your text, \whiggism\ is
the practice of \breeding\ to increase the slave population
a yearning for the positive aspects of the past
the assumption that the past should be judged by the standards of the present
the \quaintness\ that is typically associated with the past

Explanation:

Define "whiggism" in historiography

In historical analysis and social history (such as the study of childhood by Hawes and Hiner), "whiggism" or "Whig history" refers to the teleological bias of evaluating past eras, behaviors, and societies using modern-day values, standards, and progressive assumptions.

Evaluate the given options

• Option 1 describes slave breeding practices, which is unrelated to the historiographical term.
• Option 2 describes nostalgia or romanticizing the past.
• Option 3 correctly identifies the core definition of whiggism: judging the past by the standards of the present.
• Option 4 describes antiquarianism or viewing the past as merely "quaint."

Answer:

• the practice of "breeding" to increase the slave population
• a yearning for the positive aspects of the past
• the assumption that the past should be judged by the standards of the present (Correct answer)
• the "quaintness" that is typically associated with the past