Question

1. a patient diagnosed with \orthostatic hypotension\ must be in what position in order to be diagnosed?

○ lying flat
○ lying with feet above head level
○ sitting
○ standing

1. a patient with an \infarction\ due to \stenosis\ leading to

ecrosis\ means that the patient has a:
○ blockage leading to new blood vessel formation
○ blockage leading to tissue death
○ hemorrhage leading to tissue death
○ tumor leading to new blood vessel formation

Explanation:

Question 68

Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure when a person stands up (changes from lying or sitting to standing). So the diagnosis requires the patient to be in the standing position to observe the blood pressure change associated with this posture.

• "Stenosis" means a narrowing/blockage of a blood vessel.
• "Infarction" is tissue damage due to lack of blood supply (from the blockage).
• "Necrosis" is tissue death. So the sequence is blockage (from stenosis) leading to tissue death (necrosis via infarction).
• Option 1: New blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) is not related to infarction/necrosis here.
• Option 3: Hemorrhage is bleeding, not stenosis (blockage).
• Option 4: Tumor and new blood vessel formation (tumor angiogenesis) are not related to stenosis - infarction - necrosis.

Answer:

D. standing

Question 69