Question

45 minutes — 75 questions

directions: in the five passages that follow, certain words and phrases are underlined and numbered. in the right - hand column, you will find alternatives for the underlined part. in most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written english, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. if you think the original version is best, choose “no change.” in some cases, you will find in the right - hand column a question about the underlined part. you are to choose the best answer to the question.

you will also find questions about a section of the passage, or about the passage as a whole. these questions do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box.

for each question, choose the alternative you consider best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. read each passage through once before you begin to answer the questions that accompany it. for many of the questions, you must read several sentences beyond the question to determine the answer. be sure that you have read far enough ahead each time you choose an alternative.

passage i

the following paragraphs may or may not be in the most logical order. each paragraph is numbered in brackets, and question 14 will ask you to choose where paragraph 3 should most logically be placed.

bar codes: a linear history

1

in 1948, graduate students, norman woodland and bernard silver, took on a problem that had troubled retailers for years: how to keep track of store inventories. inspired by the dots and dashes of morse code, however, woodland and silver created a system of lines that could encode data. called a symbology, the pattern created by the spacing and widths of the lines encodes information by representing different characters.

1. a. no change

b. students, norman woodland and bernard silver
c. students norman woodland and bernard silver
d. students norman woodland and bernard silver,

1. f. no change

g. in other words,
h. consequently,
j. delete the underlined portion.

Explanation:

Question 1

To determine the correct option, we analyze the punctuation for appositive phrases. The phrase "Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver" is an appositive renaming "graduate students". In standard written English, when an appositive is non - restrictive (providing extra information), we use commas around it. Option C lacks the necessary comma after "students" and before the names. Option D has an extra comma at the end which is incorrect. Option A is correct as it properly uses commas to set off the appositive phrase "Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver" from the rest of the sentence. Option B is incorrect as it does not follow the correct punctuation for an appositive.

We need to analyze the logical relationship between the sentences. The first part says they were inspired by Morse code, and the second part says they created a system of lines. This is a cause - effect relationship. "However" (the original) implies a contrast, which is not appropriate here. "In other words" is used for rephrasing, not for showing cause - effect. "Consequently" shows a cause - effect relationship, so it is the correct choice. Deleting the underlined portion would make the sentence lack a proper transition.

Answer:

A. NO CHANGE

Question 2