Question

1. on the basis of the general solubility rules given in table 4.1, predict which of the following substances are likely to be soluble in water. a. zinc chloride b. lead(ii) nitrate c. lead(ii) sulfate d. sodium iodide e. cobalt(iii) sulfide f. chromium(iii) hydroxide g. magnesium carbonate h. ammonium carbonate

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze zinc chloride

Zinc chloride ($\ce{ZnCl2}$) contains chloride ions. According to solubility rules, most chloride salts are soluble. Zinc chloride is likely soluble.

Step2: Analyze lead(II) nitrate

Lead(II) nitrate ($\ce{Pb(NO3)2}$) contains nitrate ions. All nitrate salts are soluble. So, lead(II) nitrate is soluble.

Step3: Analyze lead(II) sulfate

Lead(II) sulfate ($\ce{PbSO4}$). Although most sulfates are soluble, lead(II) sulfate is an exception (insoluble).

Step4: Analyze sodium iodide

Sodium iodide ($\ce{NaI}$) contains sodium ions (group 1 metal ions). Salts of group 1 metal ions are soluble. Also, iodide salts are mostly soluble. Sodium iodide is soluble.

Step5: Analyze cobalt(III) sulfide

Cobalt(III) sulfide ($\ce{Co2S3}$). Most sulfide salts (except those of group 1 and group 2 metals and $\ce{NH4^{+}}$) are insoluble. Cobalt(III) sulfide is insoluble.

Step6: Analyze chromium(III) hydroxide

Chromium(III) hydroxide ($\ce{Cr(OH)3}$). Most hydroxide salts (except those of group 1 metals, $\ce{Ba(OH)2}$, $\ce{Sr(OH)2}$, $\ce{Ca(OH)2}$) are insoluble. Chromium(III) hydroxide is insoluble.

Step7: Analyze magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate ($\ce{MgCO3}$). Most carbonate salts (except those of group 1 metals and $\ce{NH4^{+}}$) are insoluble. Magnesium carbonate is insoluble.

Step8: Analyze ammonium carbonate

Ammonium carbonate ($\ce{(NH4)2CO3}$) contains ammonium ions. Salts of ammonium ions are soluble. Ammonium carbonate is soluble.

Answer:

a. Soluble, b. Soluble, d. Soluble, h. Soluble