Question

1. the pitch of a sound is determined by what?

a) the vestibular level of the sound wave
b) the decibel level of the sound wave
c) the frequency of the sound wave
d) the loudness of the sound wave
e) the amplitude of the sound wave

1. the brains release of endorphins reduces

a) prosopagnosia.
b) sensation.
c) retinal disparity.
d) tinnitus.
e) pain.

1. after katos serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum.

kato is most likely to have difficulty
a) reading printed words.
b) playing his guitar.
c) tasting the flavors of foods.
d) experiencing intense emotions.
e) understanding what others are saying.

1. accommodation refers to the

a) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages.
b) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
c) system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.
d) process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina.
e) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.

1. animal research has revealed a general reward system that triggers the release of the

neurotransmitter
a) gaba.
b) dopamine.
c) epinephrine.
d) serotonin.
e) ach.

Explanation:

• Question 21: The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of the sound wave. Higher - frequency waves produce higher - pitched sounds.
• Question 22: Endorphins are natural painkillers. When the brain releases endorphins, they bind to opioid receptors in the nervous system, reducing the perception of pain.
• Question 23: The cerebellum is mainly responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and muscle tone. Playing a guitar requires fine motor control and coordination, which would be affected by cerebellar damage.
• Question 24: Accommodation in the visual system refers to the process by which the lens changes its shape (through the action of the ciliary muscles) to focus images on the retina, whether the object is near or far.
• Question 25: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with the brain's reward system. It is released in response to rewarding stimuli (such as food, sex, or drugs of abuse) and reinforces behavior.

Answer:

1. C. the frequency of the sound wave
2. E. pain
3. B. playing his guitar
4. D. process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina
5. B. dopamine