Question

1. which is generally true of metals?

a. they are poor conductors of heat
b. they are good conductors of heat
c. they are poor conductors of electricity
d. they are brittle

1. which category of elements have the property of being malleable and ductile?

a. gases
b. nonmetals
c. metals
d. metalloids

1. what would happen to a saturated solution if more solute is added at constant temperature

and pressure?
a. the particles will sit on the bottom without dissolving.
b. the particles will make the solution more dilute.
c. the particles will cause other particles to fall out of solution.
d. the particles will dissolve.

1. in general, how does increasing the temperature of a solvent affect the solubility of a

solute?
a. it will decrease the solubility of all solutes.
b. it will decrease solubility of a solid and increase the solubility of a gas.
c. it will increase the solubility of a solid and decrease the solubility of a gas.
d. it will increase the solubility of all solutes.

1. why is water sometimes referred to as the universal solvent?

a. it can dissolve all substances.
b. it can dissolve many substances.
c. it can dissolve nonpolar substances.
d. it has a polar and a nonpolar end.

Explanation:

• Question 16: Metals are known for being good conductors of heat and electricity. They are also malleable (can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires), not brittle.
• Question 17: Metals have the properties of being malleable (able to be shaped by hammering) and ductile (able to be drawn into wires). Gases do not have these solid - state properties. Non - metals are generally not malleable or ductile (e.g., sulfur is brittle). Metalloids have some properties of both metals and non - metals but are not typically characterized as being malleable and ductile in the same sense as metals.
• Question 18: A saturated solution is one where the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in the solvent at a given temperature and pressure. If more solute is added, since the solution has already reached its saturation point, the additional solute particles will not dissolve and will sit at the bottom of the container.
• Question 19: For solid solutes in liquid solvents, increasing the temperature generally increases the solubility. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy for the solvent molecules to break the intermolecular forces holding the solid solute together. For gas solutes in liquid solvents, increasing the temperature decreases the solubility. As temperature increases, gas molecules have more kinetic energy and are more likely to escape from the liquid - gas solution interface.
• Question 20: Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve a large number of substances. However, it cannot dissolve all substances (e.g., non - polar substances like oil do not dissolve well in water). It has a polar structure (a partial positive and a partial negative end), which allows it to interact with and dissolve many polar and ionic substances.

Answer:

1. B. They are good conductors of heat
2. C. metals
3. A. The particles will sit on the bottom without dissolving.
4. D. It will increase the solubility of a solid and decrease the solubility of a gas.
5. C. It can dissolve many substances.