Question

15 multiple choice 1 point
6 year old jose has classically conditioned response of happiness when he notices hes being walked to the ice cream shop. now, jose becomes happy even when his parents drive into the same shopping center the ice cream shop is located in. to his dismay, joses parents explain to him that they may not be getting ice cream every time they go to the shopping center. prior to this conversation with his parents, what would driving into the shopping center be considered for jose?
operant conditioning
shaping
observational learning
higher-order conditioning

16 multiple choice 1 point
freckle the dog saw that joey the dog got a treat when sitting after their owner said sit. the next time freckle heard the word sit, she sat too. what is this an example of?
classical conditioning
vicarious reinforcement
vicarious punishment
shaping

Explanation:

Analyze Question 15

• Initial conditioning: Walking to the ice cream shop (CS1) is associated with ice cream (US), producing happiness (CR).
• Second-order conditioning: Driving into the shopping center (CS2) is paired with walking to the ice cream shop (CS1), producing happiness (CR) without the direct presence of the US.
• This process of pairing a new neutral stimulus with an already established conditioned stimulus is higher-order conditioning.

Analyze Question 16

• Freckle observes another dog (Joey) receive a reward (treat) for performing a behavior (sitting).
• Seeing someone else reinforced for a behavior increases the likelihood of the observer performing that behavior.
• This is the definition of vicarious reinforcement, a key component of observational learning.

Answer:

Question 15

• operant conditioning
• shaping
• observational learning
• higher-order conditioning (Correct answer)

Question 16

• classical conditioning
• vicarious reinforcement (Correct answer)
• vicarious punishment
• shaping