Question

1. what was the initial intention of the bill of rights?

to permit states to nullify federal laws.
to grant more authority to the president.
to protect individual rights from state governments.
to limit the national governments power and safeguard individual liberties.

1. who does the commerce clause allow congress to regulate trade with?

native american tribes
several states
all of the above
foreign nations

1. what does the supremacy clause declare?

the constitution, federal statutes, and treaties are the ultimate law of the land.
local authorities have the highest legal power.
the president has the power to overturn both state and federal laws.
state laws can override federal laws.

Explanation:

• Question 13: The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution to limit the national government's power and safeguard individual liberties. It was not about states nullifying federal laws (that's a different concept), giving more power to the President, or protecting rights only from state governments (initially, it was mainly focused on federal government - individual rights relation).
• Question 14: The Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution) allows Congress to regulate trade with foreign nations, among several states, and with Native American tribes. So "All of the above" is correct.
• Question 15: The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution) declares that the Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties are the ultimate law of the land. Local authorities do not have the highest legal power, the President doesn't have power to overturn laws in that way, and state laws cannot override federal laws.

Answer:

1. To limit the national government’s power and safeguard individual liberties.
2. All of the above
3. The Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties are the ultimate law of the land.