Question

13 multiple answer 3 points
the following figure shows the bond formation of sodium chloride which is a compound commonly known as table salt.
which of the following statements are true once the sodium chloride bond formation shown in the figure takes place? select all that apply
the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a nonpolar bond
the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond
the resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell
the resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell
the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a polar covalent bond

Explanation:

Statement 1:

The electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a non - polar bond.

• Non - polar bonds are covalent bonds where electrons are shared equally. In NaCl, there is a transfer of electrons (ionic bond), not sharing. So this statement is false.

Statement 2:

The electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond.

• Sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl). Na becomes \(Na^{+}\) (positive ion) and Cl becomes \(Cl^{-}\) (negative ion). The electrostatic attraction between \(Na^{+}\) and \(Cl^{-}\) forms an ionic bond. This statement is true.

Statement 3:

The resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell.

• Sodium (atomic number = 11) has an electron configuration of \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}\). When it donates one electron (becomes \(Na^{+}\)), its electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}\), which has a full (stable) octet in the second shell (valence shell for \(Na^{+}\)). This statement is true.

Statement 4:

The resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell.

• Chlorine (atomic number = 17) has an electron configuration of \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}\). When it gains one electron (becomes \(Cl^{-}\)), its electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}\), which has a full (stable) octet in the third shell (valence shell for \(Cl^{-}\)). This statement is true.

Statement 5:

The electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a polar covalent bond.

• Polar covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons (unequally). In NaCl, there is a transfer of electrons (ionic bond), not sharing. So this statement is false.

Answer:

B. The electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond; C. The resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell; D. The resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell.