Question

1. compare how the tilt of earths axis affects the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres. why are they opposite?

Explanation:

The Earth's axis is tilted at about 23.5°. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun (June - August), it gets more direct sunlight, causing summer (warmer, longer days). Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away, receiving less direct sunlight, so it experiences winter (cooler, shorter days). Conversely, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away (December - February), it has winter, and the Southern Hemisphere, tilted toward the Sun, has summer. This tilt - induced difference in solar radiation (directness and duration of sunlight) leads to opposite seasons in the two hemispheres.

Answer:

The Earth's axis tilt (≈23.5°) causes opposite seasons in the hemispheres. When one hemisphere (e.g., Northern) tilts toward the Sun, it has summer (more direct sunlight, longer days, warmer), while the other (Southern) tilts away, having winter (less direct sunlight, shorter days, cooler). When the Northern tilts away (winter), the Southern tilts toward (summer). This solar radiation difference due to tilt direction creates opposite seasonal patterns.