Question

you are looking at a straw in a glass of water, and you notice that the straw looks bent at the waters surface. which statement best explains how the wave model accounts for the apparent bending of a straw at the waters surface?
the light waves speed up in water, making the straw appear straight, showing wave amplification.
the light waves are absorbed by the water, making the straw look smaller, demonstrating absorption.
the light waves slow down in water, making the straw appear broken, showing refraction.
the light waves spread around the straw, causing it to look distorted, illustrating diffraction.
question 4
you are using noise - canceling headphones while listening to music and notice a significant reduction in background noise. which statement best explains how the wave model explains the decrease in ambient noise?
the headphones make ambient noise louder and clearer, demonstrating wave destructive reflection.

Explanation:

For the first question:

• When light travels from air (less dense medium) to water (more dense medium), it slows down. This change in speed causes the light to bend (refraction). So the straw appears broken at the water's surface.
• Option 1 is wrong as light slows down in water, not speed up.
• Option 2 is wrong as absorption would make the straw less visible, not just look smaller in a way related to bending.
• Option 4 is wrong as diffraction is about spreading around obstacles, not the bending at the water - air interface.

For the second question (assuming the correct option is not fully shown but based on wave concepts):

• Noise - canceling headphones work on the principle of destructive interference. They generate waves that are out of phase with the ambient noise waves. When two waves are out of phase (destructive interference), their amplitudes cancel each other out (or reduce the overall amplitude).

Answer:

First question: The light waves slow down in water, making the straw appear broken, showing refraction.
Second question (assuming correct principle): The headphones generate waves that interfere destructively with ambient noise waves (based on wave interference concept for noise - canceling).