Question

1. you believe that when someone drinks a soda, their heart rate will increase. you set up an experiment, using various sodas, and various amounts of consumption and then measure the heart rate of the individuals. what are good positive and negative controls?

Explanation:

Positive Control:

A positive control is a group or condition in an experiment that is known to produce the expected effect (in this case, an increase in heart rate). A good positive control here could be having a group of individuals consume a substance known to increase heart rate, like a strong cup of coffee (which has caffeine, a stimulant that typically raises heart rate). This way, if the positive control shows an increased heart rate, it validates that the method of measuring heart rate is working and that the experimental setup can detect an increase in heart rate.

Negative Control:

A negative control is a group or condition where no change (or the absence of the expected effect) is expected. For this experiment, a good negative control would be having a group of individuals drink plain water (a substance that should not affect heart rate). If the negative control group does not show an increase in heart rate, it helps to ensure that any increase in heart rate observed in the soda - consuming groups is due to the soda and not some other factor in the experimental setup (like the act of drinking or the environment of the experiment).

Answer:

• Positive Control: Have individuals consume a substance known to increase heart rate (e.g., a strong cup of coffee) and measure their heart rate. This validates the experimental setup can detect a heart rate increase.
• Negative Control: Have individuals drink plain water (a substance with no expected heart - rate - increasing effect) and measure their heart rate. This ensures that any heart rate increase in soda - consuming groups is due to the soda.