Question

why did the ottoman empire not engage in industrialization until many years after the industrial revolution had begun in western europe?
a. the ottoman empire was isolated by the opium wars.
b. the ottoman empire relied heavily on serfs for labor.
c. the ottoman empire held strictly to communist values.
d. the ottoman empire resisted new ideas from europe.

Explanation:

The Opium Wars mainly affected China, not the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire did not rely on serfs in the same way as pre - industrial Russia. Communism emerged long after the initial phase of the Industrial Revolution and was not a factor for the Ottoman Empire at that time. The Ottoman Empire was resistant to new ideas from Europe, which hindered its industrialization process.

Answer:

D. The Ottoman Empire resisted new ideas from Europe.