Question

who was famously put under house arrest because he challenged the catholic church and its teachings by introducing new scientific ideas? a copernicus b galileo c newton d einstein

Explanation:

Galileo Galilei supported the heliocentric model (the Sun at the center of the solar system), which went against the geocentric (Earth - centered) view that the Catholic Church then supported. His work with telescopes and scientific observations furthered this idea. In 1633, the Roman Inquisition found him "vehemently suspect of heresy" and he was put under house arrest for the rest of his life. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model but died before facing severe persecution from the Church. Newton's major contributions (laws of motion, universal gravitation) were after Galileo's time and not directly related to a major Church - science conflict in the same way. Einstein's work (theory of relativity) was in the 20th century, long after the Galileo - Church conflict.

Answer:

B. Galileo