Question

who created a box to study external causes of action in operant conditioning?
b.f. skinner
laurence stern
ivan pavlov
edward thorndike
question 12 multiple choice question
in _______________, you reinforce each step of the task instead of just at the end of the behavior.
vicarious reinforcement
shaping
extinction
law of effect

Explanation:

First Question (Who created a box...):

The question is about operant conditioning and the creator of the box (Skinner box) for studying it. B.F. Skinner is known for the Skinner box in operant conditioning. Laurence Stern is a writer, Ivan Pavlov for classical conditioning (dog experiments), Edward Thorndike for puzzle boxes and law of effect. So the correct answer is B.F. Skinner.

Shaping in operant conditioning involves reinforcing successive approximations (each step) of a target behavior, not just the final behavior. Vicarious reinforcement is learning from others' rewards, extinction is reducing behavior by removing reinforcement, law of effect is about consequences of behavior. So the term is shaping.

Answer:

A. B.F. Skinner

Second Question (In ____, you reinforce each step...):