Question

which statement about the light - independent reactions (carbon - fixation reactions) of photosynthesis is true? light - independent reactions take place in the chloroplast thylakoids. light - independent reactions operate in the dark. the term “light - independent reactions” refers to the pathways by which co₂ is reduced to carbohydrates. nadph is created by light - independent reactions. atp is not needed in light - independent reactions.

Explanation:

Light - independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma of chloroplasts, use ATP and NADPH from light - dependent reactions to reduce CO₂ to carbohydrates. They don't require light directly but can occur in the dark as long as ATP and NADPH are available. Thylakoids are site of light - dependent reactions.

Answer:

The term "light - independent reactions" refers to the pathways by which CO₂ is reduced to carbohydrates.