Question

which ratios would indicate linkage and not independent assortment? check all that apply. 8:8:0: 0 9:3:3:1 12:2:2:1 done

Explanation:

Step1: Recall Linkage vs Independent Assortment

Independent assortment (Mendel's dihybrid cross) gives a 9:3:3:1 ratio. Linkage (genes on same chromosome) causes non - independent assortment, so ratios deviate from 9:3:3:1.

Step2: Analyze Each Ratio

• For 8:8:0:0: This ratio has two phenotypes with 0 for the other two, indicating linked genes (no independent assortment as some combinations are missing).
• For 9:3:3:1: This is the classic ratio for independent assortment (dihybrid cross), so it does not indicate linkage.
• For 12:2:2:1: This is a modified ratio due to linkage (e.g., epistasis or linked genes with some crossing - over), deviating from 9:3:3:1.

Answer:

A. 8:8:0:0, C. 12:2:2:1