Question

which physical processes are responsible for — a. canyons: ____ b. mountains: __ c. new landforms because of cooled lava: __ d. formation of bedrock and layers of new land: __ e. formation of sand dunes: ____

Explanation:

• a. Canyons: Formed by erosion (water/ice) cutting through rock.
• b. Mountains: Formed by tectonic plate collisions (orogeny).
• c. New landforms (cooled lava): Volcanic activity (lava solidifies).
• d. Bedrock/layers: Sedimentation (deposition, compaction, cementation) or tectonic uplift.
• e. Sand dunes: Wind erosion and deposition (aeolian processes).

Answer:

a. Erosion (e.g., water/ice carving rock)
b. Tectonic plate collisions (orogeny)
c. Volcanic activity (lava solidification)
d. Sedimentation (or tectonic uplift)
e. Wind erosion/deposition (aeolian processes)