Question

which one of the following conditions is associated with paradoxical embolism?
eisenmenger syndrome
cor pulmonale
pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary stenosis

Explanation:

Paradoxical embolism occurs when a venous embolus (such as a thrombus) bypasses the pulmonary circulation and enters the systemic circulation. This can happen in the presence of a right - to - left shunt. Eisenmenger syndrome is associated with a right - to - left shunt. In Eisenmenger syndrome, long - standing left - to - right shunt (e.g., due to a ventricular septal defect) leads to pulmonary hypertension. When the pulmonary vascular resistance becomes higher than the systemic vascular resistance, the shunt reverses (right - to - left). Cor pulmonale is right - heart failure due to lung disease. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or its outflow tract. None of these (cor pulmonale, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary stenosis) are directly associated with the right - to - left shunt that is a prerequisite for paradoxical embolism as strongly as Eisenmenger syndrome.

Answer:

Eisenmenger syndrome