Question

which is one event that may lead to primary succession?
clear - cutting
climate change
volcanic eruption
introduced species

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs on lifeless, newly formed substrates (like after volcanic eruptions, where lava creates new rock with no soil or previous life). Clear - cutting, climate change impacts (often on existing ecosystems), and introduced species affect existing ecosystems (secondary succession or ecosystem disruption). Volcanic eruptions create a barren environment suitable for primary succession.

Answer:

C. volcanic eruption