Question

which individuals were challenged by the catholic church for their belief in the theory represented in this diagram?
○ a eratosthenes and boyle
○ b archimedes and newton
○ c copernicus and galileo
○ d thomas aquinas and pythagoras

question 36 (1 point)
philip ii of spain, louis xiv of france, and peter the great of russia were all considered absolute rulers because th
○ a instituted government programs that gave more power to their parliaments
○ b made government decisions without the consent of their people
○ c broke from the roman catholic church
○ d helped feudal lords build secure castles

Explanation:

First Question (Diagram - Heliocentric Theory)

The diagram shows the heliocentric model (Sun - centered). Copernicus proposed heliocentrism, and Galileo supported it, facing Church opposition. Eratosthenes (geography), Boyle (chemistry), Archimedes (math/physics), Newton (gravity), Aquinas (theology), Pythagoras (math) don’t fit. So option c is correct.

Absolute rulers (Philip II, Louis XIV, Peter the Great) made decisions unilaterally, without people’s consent. Option a is wrong (they centralized power, not empower parliaments). Option c: Philip II was Catholic, Louis XIV stayed Catholic, Peter the Great focused on secular reforms. Option d: Feudalism was declining, they centralized power over lords. So option b is correct.

Answer:

c. Copernicus and Galileo

Second Question (Absolute Rulers)