Question

which of the following statements best paraphrases the content below?

deviance is any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. we are most familiar with behavioral deviance, based on a person’s intentional or inadvertent actions. for example, a person may engage in intentional deviance by drinking too much or committing a bank robbery, or participate in advertent deviance by losing money in a casino or laughing at a funeral.

source: kendall, diana. sociology in our times: the essentials. 11th ed., e - book, cengage, 2018.

• deviance is the violation of social norms, as kendall defines it, and our behavior can be deviant on purpose or unintentionally (sec. 7 - 1).
• kendall defines deviance as the violation of social norms, though deviant behavior can be intentional or not, like robbing a bank, drinking too much, or gambling (sec. 7 - 1).
• kendall notes that any behavior, belief, or situation that violates social norms is deviant. we know best behavioral deviance, which can be intentional or unintentional (sec. 7 - 1).
• deviance is the violation of social norms, as kendall defines it (sec. 7 - 1).

Explanation:

To determine the best paraphrase, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: Mentions "our behavior" which isn't in the original (original talks about "a person's" actions) and adds "sec. 7 - 1" context not in the source text here, so less accurate.
• Option 2: The example "gambling" misrepresents the original (original says "losing money in a casino" as inadvertent, not labeling gambling as deviant generally), and wording is less precise.
• Option 3: Paraphrases the definition ("any behavior, belief, or situation that violates social norms is deviant" matches the original definition) and includes the key points about behavioral deviance being intentional or unintentional, accurately reflecting the original content.
• Option 4: Omits the crucial part about behavioral deviance being intentional or inadvertent, so it's an incomplete paraphrase.

Answer:

C. Kendall notes that any behavior, belief, or situation that violates social norms is deviant. We know best behavioral deviance, which can be intentional or unintentional (sec. 7-1).