Question

which of the following species often show the type 2 (constant loss) survivorship pattern? humans songbirds whales gorillas

Explanation:

Type II (constant loss) survivorship means a relatively constant mortality rate throughout the lifespan. Songbirds typically have this pattern, while humans, whales, and gorillas show Type I (late loss, high survival early and middle, higher mortality late) survivorship as they have extended parental care and lower early mortality.

Answer:

B. songbirds