Question

which of the following would be a sign of an infection?
fever
muscle aches
nausea
headache
question 14 (1 point)
which of the following is an example of a non - communicable infectious disease?
food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in food
infection acquired from the stick of a contaminated needle
skin infection from a dog bite
infection with a respiratory virus

Explanation:

• Fever: It is a common sign of infection. When the body detects pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses), the immune system releases chemicals that can raise the body temperature.
• Muscle aches: Can be caused by various factors like over - exertion, dehydration, or non - infectious diseases like fibromyalgia. While they can occur in some infections (e.g., influenza), they are not as specific a sign of infection as fever.
• Nausea: Can be due to many reasons including digestive disorders (e.g., gastritis, food poisoning - but not always infectious), motion sickness, or side effects of medications.
• Headache: Can result from stress, lack of sleep, eye strain, or non - infectious conditions like migraines.

For the second question:

• Food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in food: Once the toxin is ingested, it causes illness. There is no person - to - person or host - to - host transmission of the pathogen (the bacteria that produced the toxin may not even be alive when the food is consumed). So it is non - communicable.
• Infection acquired from the stick of a contaminated needle: If the needle is contaminated with a pathogen (e.g., HIV, hepatitis virus), there can be transmission from the source of the contamination (e.g., an infected person whose blood was on the needle) to the new host. So it is communicable (at least in the sense of pathogen transmission from one source to a new host).
• Skin infection from a dog bite: If the dog has bacteria in its mouth (normal flora or pathogenic), and it breaks the skin, the bacteria can infect the human. But if it is a non - infectious cause (e.g., just trauma), it's not. However, if it is an infection (e.g., Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection), it is a form of pathogen transmission (from dog to human), so in an infectious context, it could be considered a form of transmission (zoonotic, but still a form of pathogen transfer).
• Infection with a respiratory virus: Respiratory viruses (e.g., influenza virus, COVID - 19 virus) are highly communicable as they can be spread through respiratory droplets (e.g., coughing, sneezing).

Answer:

For the first question: fever.
For the second question: food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in food.