Question

which of the following responses is not caused by the sympathetic division?
○ increased blood flow to the skeletal and cardiac muscle
○ airway constriction
○ increased heart rate
○ increased blood glucose levels
11 multiple choice 1 point
the auricle of the ear is made up of:
○ hyaline cartilage
○ elastic cartilage
○ fibrocartilage
○ none of the above
12 multiple choice 1 point
the tough, outer most covering of the brain is the:
○ dura mater
○ pia mater
○ arachnoid mater
○ epidural mater

Explanation:

Question 1 (Sympathetic Division)

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight - or - flight" response. It increases blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscle (to provide more oxygen and nutrients for action), increases heart rate (to pump more blood), and increases blood glucose levels (to provide more energy). However, airway constriction is not a sympathetic response; instead, the sympathetic division causes airway dilation to allow more air into the lungs. So the response not caused by the sympathetic division is airway constriction.

The auricle (pinna) of the ear is made up of elastic cartilage. Elastic cartilage is more flexible and resilient, which is suitable for the structure of the auricle as it needs to maintain its shape while being somewhat flexible. Hyaline cartilage is found in structures like the trachea and ends of long bones, and fibrocartilage is found in areas like intervertebral discs.

The meninges are the coverings of the brain. The dura mater is the tough, outermost layer of the meninges. The pia mater is the innermost, very thin layer that adheres to the brain, and the arachnoid mater is the middle layer. The epidural mater is not a standard meningeal layer for the brain (it is related to the spinal cord's epidural space in a different context).

Answer:

B. airway constriction (assuming the options are labeled A: increased blood flow to the skeletal and cardiac muscle, B: airway constriction, C: increased heart rate, D: increased blood glucose levels)

Question 11 (Auricle of the Ear)