Question

which of the following organisms are likely to move into an area after shrubs and trees have established during primary succession? mammals small birds insects all of the above

Explanation:

Primary succession is the process of ecological succession that occurs in an area where no soil exists initially. After shrubs and trees establish, the ecosystem becomes more complex and diverse. Mammals can use the trees for shelter and food (e.g., fruits, nuts). Small birds can nest in the trees and feed on insects or seeds. Insects can inhabit the shrubs and trees, using them for food (e.g., leaves, sap) and reproduction. As the ecosystem progresses, all these organisms can find suitable niches in the environment created by the shrubs and trees.

Answer:

All of the above.