Question

which of the following is not a nonspecific defense mechanism?
a barriers to entry
b antibodies
c inflammation
d phagocytosis

Explanation:

• Barriers to entry: These are part of the first - line of non - specific defense (e.g., skin as a physical barrier).
• Inflammation: It is a non - specific response to injury or infection, involving increased blood flow, recruitment of immune cells etc.
• Phagocytosis: Phagocytes (like macrophages) non - specifically engulf and destroy pathogens.
• Antibodies: Antibodies are produced by B - cells in the adaptive (specific) immune response. They target specific antigens.

Answer:

B. Antibodies