Question

which of the following have little or no industrialization and the lowest standards of living, shortest life expectancies, and highest rates of mortality?
o a. third - world nations
o b. second - world nations
o c. fourth - world nations
o d. first - world nations

which of the following theories most closely approximates a functionalist approach to explaining inequality?
o a. modernization theory
o b. the new international division of labor theory
o c. world systems theory
o d. dependency theory

in the context of the weberian model of the u.s. class structure, which of the following classes comprises members who have an annual income in the $25,000 range, live from just above to just below the poverty line, and typically hold unskilled jobs, seasonal migrant jobs in agriculture, low - paid factory jobs, and service jobs?
o a. the lower - upper class
o b. the middle class
o c. the working - poor class
o d. the working class

Explanation:

• First question: Third - world nations are characterized by little or no industrialization, low living standards, short life expectancies, and high mortality rates. Second - world nations (formerly communist - bloc countries) had a different economic model (state - controlled industrialization in many cases). Fourth - world nations refer to indigenous peoples. First - world nations are highly industrialized and developed.
• Second question: Modernization theory, a functionalist approach, sees inequality as a stage in the process of development where different parts of society (like different countries) have different functions in the path to modernity. The new international division of labor theory, world systems theory, and dependency theory are more related to conflict - based or structural - inequality explanations (e.g., exploitation in the global economy).
• Third question: The working - poor class in the Weberian model has low - income jobs (unskilled, seasonal, low - paid factory, service) and an income around the poverty line. The lower - upper class is wealthy. The middle class has more stable, better - paying jobs (often professional or managerial). The working class has jobs that may be manual but are more stable than the working - poor's jobs in terms of income (not always below the poverty line).

Answer:

1. A. Third - world nations
2. A. Modernization theory
3. C. The working - poor class