Question

which of the following describes a way in which the second industrial revolution affected the lives of the majority of the working class? select an answer a. most workers exercised an increasing amount of control over the production process. b. most workers experienced longer hours laboring in hazardous conditions. c. most workers commanded higher wages and achieved economic security. d. class divisions blurred as more laborers joined the growing urban middle class.

Explanation:

• Option A: During the Second Industrial Revolution, production became more mechanized and centralized, so workers had less control over the production process, not more. Eliminate A.
• Option B: The Second Industrial Revolution saw the growth of factories with new machinery. Many workers, especially in industries like steel, textiles, and mining, faced long hours (often 10 - 12 hours or more) and dangerous working conditions (e.g., unsafe machinery, toxic substances). This is consistent with historical reality.
• Option C: While some workers saw wage increases, the majority still struggled with economic insecurity, as wages were often low, and job stability was poor. Also, economic security was not widely achieved by the working class during this period. Eliminate C.
• Option D: Class divisions became more distinct during the Second Industrial Revolution, with a growing gap between the wealthy industrialists (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat). Most laborers did not join the middle class; the middle class was a smaller group, and upward mobility was limited for the working class. Eliminate D.

Answer:

B. Most workers experienced longer hours laboring in hazardous conditions.