Question

which of the following best describes passive transport of materials across a membrane?
passive transport does not require energy and moves materials from areas of relatively lower to higher concentration.
passive transport requires energy and moves materials from areas of relatively higher to lower concentration.
passive transport requires energy and moves materials from areas of relatively lower to higher concentration.
passive transport does not require energy and moves materials from areas of relatively higher to lower concentration.

Explanation:

Passive transport is a process that does not require energy input. It occurs due to the natural tendency of substances to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (down the concentration gradient).

Answer:

Passive transport does not require energy and moves materials from areas of relatively higher to lower concentration.