Question

1. which of the following best describes natural selection?

a. random changes in dna sequences
b. organisms changing traits during their lifetime
c. differential survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits
d. genetic drift caused by migration

1. a population of beetles shifts from mostly green to mostly brown individuals because the brown ones are better camouflaged from predators. this is an example of:

a. artificial selection
b. genetic drift
c. natural selection
d. mutation

1. which of the following is not a mechanism of evolution?

a. mutation
b. gene flow
c. photosynthesis
d. genetic drift

1. coevolution occurs when:

a. one species evolves independently of others
b. two species evolve in response to changes in each other
c. a species evolves into several new species
d. a species goes extinct due to lack of adaptation

1. when two species compete for the same limited resource, it is called:

a. mutualism
b. competition

Explanation:

1. Natural selection is about differential survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits. Option A is mutation, B is Lamarckian idea (disproven in this context), D is genetic drift.
2. The beetles' color change due to better camouflage (a trait aiding survival) is natural selection. Artificial selection is human - driven, genetic drift is random frequency change, mutation is a genetic change.
3. Photosynthesis is a process for making food (not an evolution mechanism). Mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift are evolution mechanisms.
4. Coevolution is when two species evolve in response to each other. Option A is independent evolution, C is speciation, D is extinction.
5. When two species compete for the same resource, it's competition. Mutualism is a positive interaction.

Answer:

1. C. Differential survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits
2. C. Natural selection
3. C. Photosynthesis
4. B. Two species evolve in response to changes in each other
5. B. Competition