Question

1. which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic?

a. sulfanilamide
b. penicillin
c. actinomycin
d. neomycin

1. which of the following routes of administration would be appropriate and convenient for home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection?

a. oral
b. intravenous
c. topical
d. parenteral

1. which of the following terms refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host?

a. mode of action
b. therapeutic level
c. spectrum of activity
d. selective toxicity

1. which of the following does not bind to the 50s ribosomal subunit?

a. tetracyclines
b. lincosamides
c. macrolides
d. chloramphenicol

Explanation:

1. Sulfanilamide is a synthetic antimicrobial drug. Penicillin, actinomycin, and neomycin are naturally - derived (from fungi or bacteria).
2. Oral administration is convenient for home use as it does not require sterile conditions like intravenous or parenteral (which often involves injections) and topical is mainly for local infections, not systemic.
3. Selective toxicity is defined as the ability of an antimicrobial to harm the microbe without harming the host. Mode of action is how the drug acts, therapeutic level is the effective drug concentration, and spectrum of activity is the range of microbes the drug affects.
4. Tetracyclines bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Lincosamides, macrolides, and chloramphenicol bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit.

Answer:

1. A. sulfanilamide
2. A. oral
3. D. selective toxicity
4. A. tetracyclines