Question

which would exert the most gravity on a spacecraft that is passing close to jupiter? earth jupiter saturn sun

Explanation:

Gravity depends on mass and distance. The spacecraft is close to Jupiter. Jupiter has a large mass compared to Earth and Saturn. While the Sun has a huge mass, the distance from the spacecraft to the Sun is much larger than the distance to Jupiter. According to the law of universal gravitation \(F = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}\) (where \(F\) is the gravitational force, \(G\) is the gravitational constant, \(M\) and \(m\) are the masses of two objects, and \(r\) is the distance between them), when \(r\) (distance) is small (for Jupiter - spacecraft) and \(M\) (Jupiter's mass) is relatively large, the gravitational force exerted by Jupiter on the spacecraft will be the most among the given options.

Answer:

Jupiter