Question

1. in which direction does thermal energy always move? when does thermal energy stop moving?

Explanation:

Thermal energy transfer is governed by the second law of thermodynamics. It always moves from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. This is because the particles in a hotter object have more kinetic energy and they collide with particles in a cooler object, transferring some of that energy. Thermal energy stops moving when thermal equilibrium is reached. At thermal equilibrium, the temperatures of the two objects (or regions) are equal. There is no longer a temperature gradient to drive the energy transfer.

Answer:

Thermal energy always moves from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Thermal energy stops moving when thermal equilibrium is reached (i.e., when the temperatures of the interacting systems are equal).