Question

which challenges did many newly independent african countries share? check all that apply.
military coups detats
monetary surpluses
ethnic conflicts
control by colonial powers
lack of a skilled workforce
abundance of natural resources

Explanation:

• Military coups d'etats: After independence, power struggles were common. Military leaders sometimes seized power, disrupting governance. For example, in many West African countries like Ghana (earlier coups), the military took over due to political instability.
• Ethnic conflicts: Colonial boundaries had grouped or separated ethnic groups arbitrarily. When new nations formed, ethnic tensions rose. In Rwanda (though not immediately after independence but in the post - colonial period), ethnic divisions (Hutu - Tutsi) led to conflict.
• Lack of a skilled workforce: Colonial education systems were often limited, focused on basic labor for colonial economic needs (like mining, plantation work). So, after independence, there was a dearth of professionals (doctors, engineers, administrators) to run the new countries.

Monetary surpluses were not a challenge (new countries often had economic difficulties). Control by colonial powers was contrary to independence. Abundance of natural resources was more of an economic potential, but mismanagement (not the abundance itself) could be an issue, but it's not a "challenge" in the same sense as the other correct options.

Answer:

military coups d'etats, ethnic conflicts, lack of a skilled workforce.