Question

when emma was a young girl, she watched her mother carefully apply make - up and fix her hair each morning. emma was frequently reminded by her grandmother to act like a lady and complimented extensively when she wore a dress. now a young adult, emma describes herself as a girly girl and tries to look her best to gain approval from her friends and family. which theory of gender - role development best fits this example?
o social - learning theory
o gender identity formation
o assigned sex role
o none of these are correct.
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scientific evidence suggests that being transgender and gender nonconforming (tgnc) is, in large part,______.
o biologically driven
o responsive to change through therapy
o a personal choice
o gender confusion

Explanation:

Social - learning theory emphasizes that individuals learn gender roles through observation, imitation, and reinforcement. In the example, Emma observed her mother (a model), was reinforced by her grandmother's compliments when she wore a dress (positive reinforcement for gender - typical behavior), and now tries to look her best to gain approval (seeking social reinforcement). Gender identity formation is a broader concept about an individual's internal sense of being male, female, etc., which is not the main focus here. Assigned sex role is a more static term and does not capture the learning process described.

For the second question, scientific evidence shows that being transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) is biologically driven. There is no evidence that it is a personal choice, gender confusion, or responsive to change through therapy in the sense of being a "fixable" condition.

Answer:

First question: social - learning theory
Second question: biologically driven