Question

1. what is vicarious reinforcement, according to bandura?

learning by recording, amplifying, and gathering feedback from a subtle psychological state
learning to anticipate a behavior’s reward in situations like those we are observing.
learning to only want items such as food or shelter (survival reinforcers)
learning with immediate feedback

Explanation:

To determine the correct answer, we recall Bandura's concept of vicarious reinforcement. Vicarious reinforcement involves learning by observing others receive rewards for their behavior, so we anticipate that a similar behavior in similar situations will bring a reward.

• The first option describes a different concept (not related to vicarious reinforcement).
• The third option is about primary reinforcers (food, shelter) and not vicarious reinforcement.
• The fourth option is about immediate feedback, which is not vicarious reinforcement.
• The second option, "learning to anticipate a behavior’s reward in situations like those we are observing," matches the definition of vicarious reinforcement as we learn by observing others' rewards and anticipate similar rewards for ourselves in similar situations.

Answer:

B. learning to anticipate a behavior’s reward in situations like those we are observing.