Question

what scientific knowledge about macromolecules is a direct result of gerardus johannes mulders 1838 discovery?
all proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
all carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
nucleic acids are polymers with nucleotide monomers.
the helical structure of dna is essential for protein production.

Explanation:

Gerardus Johannes Mulder was a chemist who made significant contributions to the understanding of proteins. In 1838, he determined that all proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. This was a crucial discovery in the field of biochemistry as it helped establish the elemental composition of proteins, which are essential macromolecules in living organisms. The other options are not directly related to Mulder's 1838 discovery. The helical structure of DNA was discovered much later (in the 1950s by Watson and Crick). The fact that nucleic acids are polymers with nucleotide monomers was also established after Mulder's time. And while carbohydrates do contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, this was not the key discovery of Mulder in 1838.

Answer:

All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.