Question

what process forms mid-ocean ridges and new oceanic crust?

Explanation:

Mid - ocean ridges and new oceanic crust are formed by the process of seafloor spreading. At mid - ocean ridges, tectonic plates move apart (divergent plate boundary). Magma from the mantle rises up to fill the gap between the separating plates. As this magma cools and solidifies, it forms new oceanic crust. This process is a key concept in the theory of plate tectonics, and the subfield of Natural Science, specifically Geology (which can be considered under Geography or as a sub - area of Natural Science's Earth - related studies) is relevant here.

Answer:

The process that forms mid - ocean ridges and new oceanic crust is seafloor spreading (where tectonic plates diverge, magma rises, cools, and solidifies to form new oceanic crust).