Question

what is the primary role of ribosomes during translation?
a. to transport mrna from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
b. to synthesize rna from a dna template
c. to decode mrna and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain
d. to signal the start of transcription

during transcription, what enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mrna?
a. rrna
b. rna polymerase
c. trna
d. dna polymerase

what is a codon?
a. an enzyme that synthesizes rna
b. a type of rna that carries genetic information
c. a sequence of three nucleotides on mrna that specifies an amino acid
d. a protein that assists in dna replication

which structure serves as the site of protein synthesis during translation?
a. golgi apparatus
b. nucleolus
c. ribosome
d. endoplasmic reticulum

what occurs during protein folding?
a. a polypeptide chain is synthesized
b. a ribosome assembles amino acids
c. a protein adopts a specific 3d structure
d. rna is transcribed from dna

where does translation occur within the cell?
a. cytoplasm
b. cell membrane
c. mitochondria
d. nucleus

what occurs during the elongation phase of transcription?
a. dna is replicated
b. trna transports amino acids to the ribosome

Explanation:

1. Ribosomes decode mRNA and assemble amino - acids into a polypeptide chain during translation.
2. RNA Polymerase synthesizes mRNA during transcription.
3. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino - acid.
4. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis during translation.
5. During protein folding, a protein adopts a specific 3D structure.
6. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
7. During the elongation phase of transcription, RNA nucleotides are added to the growing mRNA strand.

Answer:

1. c. To decode mRNA and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain
2. b. RNA Polymerase
3. c. A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino acid
4. c. Ribosome
5. c. A protein adopts a specific 3D structure
6. a. Cytoplasm
7. (No options provided for this one in the question, but the correct process is addition of RNA nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand)