Question

what is the primary concern associated with confined animal feeding operations (cafos) in agriculture?
increased soil fertility
contamination of waterways and land
increase in livestock population
reduction in methane emissions

Explanation:

CAFOs produce large amounts of animal waste. This waste can contain nutrients, pathogens, and chemicals. If not managed properly, it can runoff into waterways (causing eutrophication, pollution) and contaminate land (affecting soil quality, vegetation). Increased soil fertility is not a primary concern (waste can cause imbalances), increasing livestock population is a goal not a concern, and CAFOs typically increase methane emissions (from livestock), so reduction is incorrect.

Answer:

B. contamination of waterways and land