Question

what are the odds of nonsmokers developing cardiovascular disease when compared to smokers?
a. nonsmokers are four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
b. nonsmokers are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
c. nonsmokers and smokers are equally likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
d. nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

please select the best answer from the choices provided.

○ a
○ b
○ c
○ d

Explanation:

Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Nonsmokers have a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to smokers. Among the options, "Nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease" (option D) aligns with the understanding that smoking increases the risk, so nonsmokers have a reduced likelihood (half as likely in this case) compared to smokers. Options A and B suggest nonsmokers are more likely, which is incorrect, and option C suggests equal likelihood, which is also incorrect as smoking increases risk.

Answer:

D. Nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.