Question

what is a key characteristic of effective reasoning?
a including personal opinions
b adding more claims
c using scientific principles to connect evidence to claims
d repeating the evidence

question 12 (1 point)
what should you avoid when writing a claim?
a being vague and general
b being clear
c being focused
d being specific

question 13 (1 point)

• passage: the invention of the printing press in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information. before its invention, books were copied by hand, a process that was labor-intensive and time-consuming. the printing press enabled the mass production of books, making them more accessible and affordable to the general public.

what is the primary focus of the passage?
a the impact of the printing press on modern technology.
b the role of the printing press in making books more accessible.
c the labor-intensive process of hand-copying books.
d the invention of the printing press in the 15th century

Explanation:

Question (First, assuming the first question is about effective reasoning):

To determine a key characteristic of effective reasoning:

• Option a: Including personal opinions is not effective as reasoning should be evidence - based, not opinion - based.
• Option b: Adding more claims without proper support is not a key characteristic of effective reasoning.
• Option c: Using scientific principles to connect evidence to claims is a core part of effective reasoning as it provides a logical and evidence - based link between what we observe (evidence) and what we assert (claims).
• Option d: Repeating the evidence does not contribute to effective reasoning; we need to analyze and connect evidence, not just repeat it.

When writing a claim:

• Option a: Being vague and general is something to avoid. A good claim should be clear, focused, and specific. Vague and general claims do not convey a precise idea.
• Option b: Being clear is a desirable quality of a claim, so we should not avoid it.
• Option c: Being focused is important for a claim, so we should not avoid it.
• Option d: Being specific is a good quality of a claim, so we should not avoid it.

To find the primary focus of the passage:

• Option a: The passage does not discuss the impact of the printing press on modern technology. It focuses on its impact on the spread of information through book production.
• Option b: The passage states that the printing press enabled mass production of books, making them more accessible and affordable. This is the main point about the role of the printing press.
• Option c: The labor - intensive process of hand - copying books is just a background detail to show the change brought by the printing press, not the primary focus.
• Option d: The passage is not just about the invention of the printing press in the 15th century, but about its impact on the spread of information (through making books more accessible).

Answer:

c. Using scientific principles to connect evidence to claims

Question 12: