Question

what distinguishes pyelonephritis from cystitis?
the infection has descended to the bladder.
the infection has ascended to the kidneys.
the infection is caused by e. coli bacteria.
the infection occurs only in pregnant women.
question 9
1 pts
acyclovir should be avoided in patients with
a. preexisting hsv 2
b. preexisting allergies
c. active seizure disorders
d. b and c only
question 10
1 pts
what has changed in terms of recommended antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated lower utis?
seven - day regimens are now recommended.
three times a day of oral antibiotics are now recommended.
three - day regimens are now recommended.
a single dose is now recommended.

Explanation:

First Question (Distinguishing Pyelonephritis from Cystitis)

Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection, while cystitis is a bladder infection. The key difference is the location of the infection; pyelonephritis occurs when the infection ascends to the kidneys (from the bladder or lower urinary tract), whereas cystitis is limited to the bladder. The other options are incorrect: descending to the bladder would relate to cystitis, E. coli can cause both, and these infections aren’t limited to pregnant women.

Acyclovir should be avoided in patients with preexisting allergies (as allergic reactions can occur) and active seizure disorders (acyclovir can increase seizure risk). Preexisting HSV - 2 is not a contraindication (acyclovir is used to treat HSV - 2). So the correct option is D (b and c only).

For uncomplicated lower UTIs, the recommended antibiotic treatment has shifted towards shorter regimens. Three - day regimens are now recommended (compared to longer regimens in the past). Seven - day regimens are not the current recommendation, three - times - a - day oral antibiotics are not a new standard, and a single dose is not the typical recommendation for uncomplicated lower UTIs.

Answer:

The infection has ascended to the kidneys.

Question 9 (Acyclovir Contraindications)