Question

what characteristic is common to all areas in which primary succession takes place? there is no soil present at the outset. there is an overabundance of species. human activity is always involved.

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where soil is absent initially. Overabundance of species is not a starting - point characteristic. Human activity is not always involved in primary succession.

Answer:

There is no soil present at the outset.