Question

the viking kingdoms of scandinavia were so successful because:
a they remained isolated and uninvolved in european affairs.
b their legitimacy was immediately recognized by other polities, which feared the vikings would attack them if the kingdoms were not recognized.
c they continued to rely on traditional viking networks of trade and kinship but combined them with newer models of governance.
d they refused to convert to christianity or to recognize christian kings as legitimate.
e they like the roman empire, they relied heavily on a slave economy.

Explanation:

The Viking kingdoms combined traditional trade/kinship networks with new governance models. Option A is wrong as Vikings were involved in European affairs (raiding, trading). Option B - their legitimacy wasn't immediately recognized. Option D - many Vikings converted to Christianity over time. Option E - their economy wasn't mainly slave - based like the Roman Empire.

Answer:

C. they continued to rely on traditional Viking networks of trade and kinship but combined them with newer models of governance.